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Abstract@#An epsilometer-test method was used to determine MIC values of several antibiotics against 29 Helicobacter pylori isolated from gastric antrum of dyspepsia patients. Isolates with resistance towards antibiotics were 6.9% -65.5% but these were tetracycline-sensitive. Eight isolates showed multi-resistance towards two antimicrobial agents. The high resistance strains towards metronidazole is alarming.
ABSTRACT
The multiracial population in Malaysia has lived together for almost a century, however, the risk ofgastric cancer among them varies. This study aimed to determine the distribution of different gastricadenocarcinoma subtypes and Helicobacter pylori infection status among gastric adenocarcinomapatients. Patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled from November 2013 to June 2015.Blood samples were collected for detection of H. pylori using ELISA method. Gastric adenocarcinomacases were more prevalent in the Chinese (52.8%), followed by the Malays (41.7%) and leastprevalent in the Indians (5.6%). Gastric adenocarcinoma located in the cardia was significantly moreprevalent in the Malays (66.7%) compared to the Chinese (26.3%), whereas non-cardia cancer wasdiagnosed more in the Chinese (73.7%) compared to the Malays (33.3%) [P = 0.019; OR = 5.6, 95CI: 1.27 to 24.64]. The Malays also had significantly higher prevalence of gastric tumour locatedat the cardia or fundus than other gastric sites compared to the Chinese (P = 0.002; OR: 11.2, 95%CI: 2.2 to 56.9). Among the cardia gastric cancer patients, 55.6% of the Malays showed intestinalhistological subtype, whereas all the Chinese had the diffuse subtype. More than half of the patients(55.3%) with gastric adenocarcinoma were positive for H. pylori infection and among them, 66.7%were Chinese patients. The risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in our population is different amongethnicities. Further studies on host factors are needed as it might play an important role in gastriccancer susceptibility in our population.
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Objectives: Acinetobacter spp. has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections in many health-care settings worldwide. The study describes the clinico-epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter spp. in a tertiary health-care institution
Methodology: Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from 141 specimens of the patients who reported to Universiti Kebangsaan Medical Centre [UKMMC]. The sources of specimens were wound, skin and soft tissue, respiratory and urinary tract from patients in various wards. Clinio-epidemiological features of patients infected with Acinetobacter spp. were recorded. Standard bacteriological techniques with API 20NE kits and disk diffusion method were followed for identification and antibiotic sensitivity of the organisms
Results: One hundred and forty one patients with positive culture for Acinetobacter spp. were identified. Soft tissue/wound and respiratory tract were among the commonest sites of Acinetobacter spp. isolation. The isolates were most frequently obtained from ICU. All isolates were multi-drug resistant and had a resistance rate of more than 70% to most antibiotics, except polymyxin B
Conclusion: High prevalence of multi-drug resistance Acinetobacter spp. provides essential information on judicious antibiotic selection for empirical therapy in our health-care institution
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Respiratory syncytial virus [RSV] is a major cause of respiratory illness in young children worldwide. Its detection by viral culture and immunofluorescent assay is time consuming and has low sensitivity. The objective of the study was to develop In House Light Cycler Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Rapid Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus. In house developed Light Cycler Real-Time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [LC-RT-PCR] assay was standardized using designed primers for the rapid identification of clinical samples of RSV. A total of 130 samples [throat swab and nasopharyngeal aspirate] obtained from University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, were efficiently tested and of which 54 [42%] were RSV positive. This study indicated that this newly developed in house rRT-PCR assay proved to be an excellent method for the rapid detection of RSV.
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To find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafoods and environmental sources. The study was carried out at the Center of Excellence for Food Safety Research, University Putra Malaysia; University Kebangsaan Malaysia; Medical Molecular Biology Institute; and University Kebansaan Malaysia Hospital, Malaysia between January 2006 and August 2008. One hundred and forty-four isolates from 400 samples of seafood [122 isolates] and seawater sources [22 isolates] were investigated for the presence of thermostable direct hemolysin [tdh[+]] and TDH-related hemolysin [trh[+]] genes using the standard methods. The E-test method was used to test the antimicrobial susceptibility. The study indicates low occurrence of tdh[+] [0.69%] and trh[+] isolates [8.3%]. None of the isolates tested possess both virulence genes. High sensitivity was observed against tetracycline [98%]. The mean minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] of the isolates toward ampicillin increased from 4 ug/ml in 2004 to 24 ug/ml in 2007. The current study demonstrates a low occurrence of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the marine environment and seafood. Nonetheless, the potential risk of vibrio infection due to consumption of Vibria parahaemolyticus contaminated seafood in Malaysia should not be neglected